Acts 2 is commonly mistaken as the beginning of the Church, the Body of Christ, and the first preaching of the gospel of grace. However, the message Peter preaches at Pentecost is not the gospel that saves today ( 1 Cor. 15:1-4), but rather a prophetic, kingdom-focused indictment against the nation of Israel for rejecting and crucifying their Messiah.
Peter addresses "ye men of Israel" ( Acts 2:22) and later, "all the house of Israel" ( Acts 2:36). His sermon is national in scope, not personal. He declares that Jesus was approved of God through miracles and wonders, yet Israel crucified Him. He says, "Ye have taken, and by wicked hands have crucified and slain" (v. 23), placing direct responsibility on the nation. Peter does not present Christ's death as a substitutionary atonement for sins, but as a crime committed against God's chosen One.
Peter appeals to prophecy, quoting Joel and David, showing that what they were witnessing (the Spirit poured out) was foretold and proves Jesus is the Christ. He emphasizes Jesus' resurrection as proof that He is the promised King to sit on David's throne ( Acts 2:30). This is the gospel of the kingdom, not the revelation of the mystery gospel given to Paul.
When the crowd is pricked in their hearts, Peter tells them to repent and be baptized for the remission of sins ( Acts 2:38). This is a continuation of John the Baptist's and Jesus' kingdom message to Israel. Water baptism here is a required act of obedience and identification with the Messiah-not a symbol of salvation already received by grace through faith. There is no mention of the cross as good news, nor of salvation by grace alone through faith alone.
Therefore, Acts 2 is not the beginning of the Body of Christ or the message of grace. It is a call to Israel to repent for crucifying their King. The gospel of grace, the message of Christ dying for our sins and offering salvation apart from works, was later revealed to the Apostle Paul ( Gal. 1:11-12; Eph. 3:1-9).
Question...Should we can't mix the kingdom program (preached by Peter, James, and John) with the mystery gospel given to Paul, focus on right division of Scripture ( 2 Timothy 2:15). Let's affirm that all Scripture is inspired and that both Peter and Paul were called by God. The issue isn't about rejecting any part of the Bible but understanding God's progressive revelation.
Peter and the 12 preached the kingdom gospel-a message prophesied in the Old Testament ( Acts 3:21-24). It focused on Israel, the coming earthly kingdom, and required repentance, water baptism, and obedience to the law ( Acts 2:38; Matthew 19:17). This message was based on Jesus being Israel's promised Messiah and King, And was the correct message for that time.
In contrast, Paul received his gospel by direct revelation from the risen Christ ( Galatians 1:11-12). Paul called it the mystery, which had been hidden from ages past but revealed through him ( Romans 16:25; Ephesians 3:3-5). His message centered on justification by grace through faith alone, apart from works ( Romans 4:5), and introduced the Body of Christ, a new creation made up of both Jews and Gentiles with a heavenly hope, not an earthly kingdom, this is key. (not a earthly kingdom)
Mixing these programs leads to confusion-especially on salvation, baptism, and the church's identity. In Acts 15 and Galatians 2, even the apostles agreed that Paul had a distinct ministry to the Gentiles, apart from the kingdom program of Peter and the 12. Paul even said, "Christ sent me not to baptize, but to preach the gospel" ( 1 Corinthians 1:17), showing a break from the earlier kingdom requirements. "BAPTISM WAS A KINGDOM REQUIREMENT"
Understanding these differences helps us rightly divide God's Word and see how the church today operates under the dispensation of grace, not under Israel's kingdom law. This isn't rejecting the gospels or Peter or the other 11-it's honoring God's design by keeping the messages in their proper place.
According to dispensationalism, especially Mid-Acts Dispensationalism, Peter and the 11 apostles baptized because they were operating under the prophetic kingdom program meant for the nation of Israel. Water baptism was an essential component of their ministry during the dispensation of law and the offer of the kingdom.
Here's why Peter and the 11 baptized:
1. They Were Continuing Jesus' Earthly Ministry to Israel
Peter and the other apostles were commissioned to preach the gospel of the kingdom ( Matthew 10:5-7; Matthew 28:19). Water baptism was part of that message, following the pattern of John the Baptist and Jesus Himself.
Mark 1:4 - John preached "the baptism of repentance for the remission of sins."
Matthew 28:19 - Jesus commanded them to "go... baptizing them..."
They were sent specifically to Israel (see Matthew 10:5-6 and Galatians 2:7-9).
2. Baptism Was a Sign of Repentance and Covenant Cleansing
For Israel, water baptism symbolized repentance, cleansing, and identification with the coming kingdom and Messiah. It was a requirement for entering the prophesied kingdom on earth.
Acts 2:38 - Peter said, "Repent and be baptized every one of you... for the remission of sins."
This was in direct response to Israel's rejection and crucifixion of Jesus.
3. They Were Operating Under the Law and Prophecy
Peter and the 11 were still under the Old Covenant framework, even after Jesus' resurrection. Their ministry was not based on the mystery revealed to Paul but on fulfilling what was already foretold in the Scriptures ( Acts 3:19-21).
The kingdom had been promised to Israel and was still being offered ( Acts 1:6; Acts 3:25-26).
Water baptism was a required sign of repentance and national obedience, there is no evidence of it being required for the body of Christ.
Re: Acts 2:38. I believe that the inclusion of baptism in his Gospel message, was simply Peter's obedience to the Lord's command given to him (as also given to the other apostles), shown in Matthew 28:20,21: 'to go, teach, baptize'. Anything less would have meant disobedience. And even Paul continued to follow this practise declaring in 1 Corinthians 1:14-16. It is true, that Paul stated that "Christ sent him not to baptise, but to preach.." and yet he baptized. So, it should be understood that baptizing believers was left to others (the Church?) to perform while Paul focussed himself more on preaching the Gospel. Probably similar to an evangelist (e.g. the late Billy Graham), who makes preaching his primary work and left the counseling and baptism of new believers to others.
And for James 2:17-26, it is understood that he didn't support faith + works required for salvation, rather his message here is from verse 14. He questions the authenticity of one's faith, where works resulting from that faith is absent. And he gives the example of a fellow-believer found in a destitute condition. Can a true believer lovingly tell that poor soul, 'God bless you brother - I will pray for you that God provide for your needs'? Rather, the saving faith that is in us, by the Holy Spirit, urges us to render all support necessary, being the very hands of compassion & provision to that needy one. So, the examples of Abraham & Rahab are valid, except their faith was not based on the Gospel, but their belief in God working out His purposes, resulting in their works revealing their faith in Him. Onto Page 2.
regarding your comment..."Jew and Gentile could only be accepted by God by turning away (repentance) and faith (in Christ alone & nothing else) for their salvation"
I believe this to be partly true... 2 examples are...
Peter and James,
Key apostles to the circumcision, emphasized faith but also included works in their message. In Acts 2:38, Peter calls for repentance and baptism for remission of sins. James 2:17-26 stresses that faith without works is dead, using Abraham and Rahab as examples. Their message aligns with the Jewish Kingdom gospel, where obedience and works were expressions of living faith, distinct from Paul's gospel of grace through faith alone.
My friend, anything that adds to GRACE ALONE is a WORK and is directly associated with the KINGDOM GOSPEL.
"The like figure whereunto even baptism doth also now save us (not the putting away of the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a good conscience toward God,) by the resurrection of Jesus Christ"
Baptism connected to salvation
Not just symbolic - a required response of a good conscience
6. 2 Peter 1:5-10 - Add to your faith
"And beside this, giving all diligence, add to your faith virtue... knowledge... temperance... patience... godliness... brotherly kindness... charity
Wherefore the rather, brethren, give diligence to make your calling and election sure: for if ye do these things, ye shall never fall."
Not faith alone - one must add works
Doing these things = assurance of salvation
Summary
Peter preached:
Faith in Jesus as the risen Messiah ( Acts 2:36)
Repentance and water baptism for forgiveness ( Acts 2:38)
Obedience necessary to receive the Holy Ghost ( Acts 5:32)
Sanctification through obedience ( 1 Peter 1:2)
Salvation tied to baptism and holy living ( 1 Peter 3:21, 2 Peter 1:10)
This is in contrast with Paul's message of justification by grace through faith alone ( Ephesians 2:8-9, Titus 3:5), not by works.
Here are scriptures where Peter preached a message of repentance, faith in Jesus as Messiah, plus works (obedience, water baptism, etc.)-mainly directed to Israel as part of the "Kingdom Gospel" ( Matthew 4:17), distinct from Paul's "Gospel of the Grace of God" ( Acts 20:24).
Peter's Kingdom Gospel - Repentance, Faith, and Works
1. Acts 2:36-38 - Pentecost sermon
"Therefore let all the house of Israel know assuredly, that God hath made that same Jesus, whom ye have crucified, both Lord and Christ.
Now when they heard this, they were pricked in their heart, and said unto Peter and to the rest of the apostles, Men and brethren, what shall we do?
Then Peter said unto them, Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost."
Repentance
Water baptism required for remission of sins
Holy Spirit as a result of obedience
2. Acts 3:19-21 - Second temple sermon to Israel
"Repent ye therefore, and be converted, that your sins may be blotted out, when the times of refreshing shall come from the presence of the Lord"
Repentance = condition for forgiveness
Tied to future kingdom blessings
3. Acts 5:32
"And we are his witnesses of these things; and so is also the Holy Ghost, whom God hath given to them that obey him."
Obedience (works) as a condition to receive the Holy Ghost
4. 1 Peter 1:2
"Elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ..."
Election tied to obedience
Sprinkling of blood = cleansing, yet connected with obedient response
Hi again Lbooth1955. Clearly, you are passionate about getting this point across to us, about the difference between Paul's Gospel, as opposed to any other presentation. The main points you raised: a) Paul's (or my) Gospel; b) revelation of this Mystery; and c) Gospel of the Kingdom.
a) Paul not only received his salvation by direct revelation from Heaven ( Acts 9:3-9), but also was taught, exercised in faith, & had revelations as to his ministry separate from any outside influence ( Galatians 1:11-18). Thus what he learned became what he often spoke of as "my Gospel", which implies that he received it directly from the Lord and was charged to make it known chiefly to the Gentiles.
So the question, how was this Gospel any different to say what the other apostles preached? The only other apostle's preaching, that is often recorded is that of Peter. And when I consider his presentations (found in Acts 2:14-41; Acts 3:11-19; Acts 4:6-12; Acts 10:34-48), I find that the same Gospel was preached by Peter (i.e. nothing extra or different to Paul's Gospel, apart from the specifics relating to his audience: their knowledge of the Scriptures & events surrounding Jesus' Life on Earth). His Gospel was the same as Paul's: the need for repentance, faith, calling upon Jesus for salvation.
b) the Mystery. Paul does speak of this revelation given to him, but did not the others know about Gentiles also receiving this blessing of salvation after hearing the Gospel? Peter spoke about him being sent to the Gentiles ( Acts 15:7; Acts chap 10 (Cornelius, a Gentile). And Peter, through the vision of the unclean animals given for him to eat ( Acts 10:9-17), understood that this Mystery that Paul spoke about, was also given to him to understand. Even Paul spoke of this ( Ephesians 3:3-6) that the present apostles and prophets were made aware of this mystery, that the Gentiles would be fellow-heirs, or the same Body, and partakers of the promises. Onto Page 2.
"Then will I sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean: from all your filthiness, and from all your idols, will I cleanse you."
Matthew 28:19
"Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost:"
Acts 2:38
"Then Peter said unto them, Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost."
John 3:5
"Jesus answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God."
Luke 6:46
"And why call ye me, Lord, Lord, and do not the things which I say?"
Dear "JennyL" Thank you very much for the reminder, After it stand Eph 2:19-22 Hallelujah, praise be to God the Almighty Father and Creator! Love u in Christ
15 Having abolished in his flesh the enmity, even the law of commandments contained in ordinances; for to make in himself of twain one new man, so making peace;
16 And that he might reconcile both unto God in one body by the cross, having slain the enmity thereby:
17 And came and preached peace to you which were afar off, and to them that were nigh.
And:
Romans 2:28 For he is not a Jew, which is one outwardly; neither is that circumcision, which is outward in the flesh:
29 But he is a Jew, which is one inwardly; and circumcision is that of the heart, in the spirit, and not in the letter; whose praise is not of men, but of God.
"Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost:"
Acts 22:16
"And now why tarriest thou? arise, and be baptized, and wash away thy sins, calling on the name of the Lord."
Acts 18:8
"And Crispus, the chief ruler of the synagogue, believed on the Lord with all his house; and many of the Corinthians hearing believed, and were baptized."
Acts 18:8
"And Crispus, the chief ruler of the synagogue, believed on the Lord with all his house; and many of the Corinthians hearing believed, and were baptized."
Acts 16:15
"And when she was baptized, and her household, she besought us, saying, If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord, come into my house, and abide there. And she constrained us."
Matthew 24:35
"Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away."
So it's not that Peter refused to preach Paul's message-it's that his role ended as God transitioned to a new dispensation. He respected Paul's calling but didn't cross over into a ministry that wasn't his.
In Summary
Peter didn't preach Paul's mystery message after meeting Paul because:
It wasn't his calling-his ministry was to the Jews.
He recognized Paul's unique revelation but didn't claim it for himself.
God was transitioning to the Body of Christ through Paul, not blending the two programs.
On another note...
Why did Paul get baptized?
Paul was baptized early in his conversion ( Acts 9:18; Acts 22:16) because at that time, God was still dealing with Israel under the kingdom program, where water baptism was required as a sign of repentance ( Mark 1:4, Acts 2:38). Paul's baptism was part of this transitional period.
However, after receiving the revelation of the mystery, Paul came to understand that in this new dispensation of grace, water baptism was no longer required for salvation. He later wrote:
"Christ sent me not to baptize, but to preach the gospel" ( 1 Corinthians 1:17)
So, Paul was baptized as part of the old program still active when he was saved-but he later taught that baptism was not part of the gospel of grace revealed to him.
Paul's teaching on baptism is distinct from the Jewish water baptism practiced by John the Baptist and the apostolic baptism Peter preached at Pentecost. Here's a breakdown of how Paul viewed and taught baptism within the dispensation of grace:
1. Water Baptism Not Central in Paul's Ministry
Paul was not sent to baptize, but to preach the gospel:
"For Christ sent me not to baptize, but to preach the gospel"
- 1 Corinthians 1:17 (KJV)
This is a strong statement. Unlike Peter ( Acts 2:38), Paul separates water baptism from the gospel message of grace. While water baptism continued for a time (as with early Jewish believers), it was not a requirement for salvation under Paul's gospel.
2. Spirit Baptism Into the Body of Christ
Paul emphasizes a spiritual baptism, not involving water, which places the believer into the Body of Christ:
"For by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body"
- 1 Corinthians 12:13 (KJV)
This baptism is not performed by man, but by the Holy Spirit at the moment of belief. It aligns with Paul's core doctrine of salvation by grace through faith-with no physical work (like water baptism) required.
3. Identification with Christ's Death and Resurrection
Paul also teaches a symbolic baptism in Romans 6:
"Know ye not, that so many of us as were baptized into Jesus Christ were baptized into his death?"
- Romans 6:3-4 (KJV)
This speaks of a positional truth: the believer is spiritually united with Christ's death, burial, and resurrection. Again, this is not water baptism but a spiritual reality that takes place when one trusts the gospel.
Summary:
Peter's gospel ( Acts 2:38) required repentance and water baptism for the remission of sins-part of the Kingdom gospel to Israel.
Paul's gospel ( 1 Cor. 15:1-4; Eph. 2:8-9) presents salvation by grace through faith, without works, and emphasizes Spirit baptism into the Body of Christ, not water baptism.
Paul downplayed water baptism in favor of the spiritual baptism that unites us into one body.
The Kingdom Gospel preached by Peter and the Grace Gospel revealed through Paul represent two distinct programs in God's redemptive plan.
1. Peter's Kingdom Gospel (Faith + Works) - For Israel and the Little Flock
Peter's message centered on Israel's prophetic hope, the coming earthly kingdom, and the Messiahship of Jesus. This gospel required faith in Jesus as the Messiah, but it also included repentance, water baptism, and adherence to the law, as seen in Acts 2:38:
"Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins..." ( Acts 2:38, KJV)
Key elements:
Audience: Jews (especially "the lost sheep of the house of Israel" - Matthew 10:5-6)
Content: Jesus is the promised Messiah; repent and be baptized.
Requirement: Faith plus works (baptism, continued obedience).
Goal: Entry into the earthly kingdom promised to Israel ( Luke 12:32 - "little flock").
James 2:24 supports this...
"Ye see then how that by works a man is justified, and not by faith only."
This shows that under the Kingdom Gospel, works confirmed faith for salvation, especially for the Jewish remnant.
2. Paul's Grace Gospel (Faith Alone) - For the Body of Christ
Paul preached a new, previously hidden "mystery" gospel revealed to him by Christ ( Galatians 1:11-12; Ephesians 3:1-9). This message was not based on Israel's covenants or prophecy, but on grace alone through faith alone in the death, burial, and resurrection of Christ ( 1 Corinthians 15:1-4).
Key elements:
Audience: All (Jew and Gentile alike), forming the Body of Christ.
Content: Christ died for our sins and rose again.
Requirement: Faith alone (no works, no law, no baptism required for salvation).
Many today believe that the Church is a continuation or replacement of Israel, often calling it "spiritual Israel." However, when we rightly divide the Word of Truth ( 2 Timothy 2:15), we see that the Church-the Body of Christ-formed through the unique revelation given to the Apostle Paul ( Ephesians 3:1-6), is a distinct entity from the nation of Israel. Israel is a nation with earthly promises, covenants, and prophetic hope, while the Church is a heavenly people, formed without distinction between Jew and Gentile, united by faith alone in Christ and placed into one Body ( 1 Corinthians 12:13; Galatians 3:28).
Israel's promises were national and earthly-God covenanted land, a kingdom, and a Messiah to rule over them ( Genesis 17:7-8; Isaiah 9:6-7). These promises were never transferred to the Church. Instead, Paul reveals a "mystery" that was kept hidden from ages past ( Romans 16:25; Colossians 1:26), in which God is forming a new, heavenly organism-the Body of Christ-composed of both Jew and Gentile, not based on nationality or covenant, but based on grace through faith ( Ephesians 2:8-9). Nowhere in Paul's epistles does he teach that the Church has become Israel or inherits Israel's kingdom promises.
To equate the Church with spiritual Israel confuses God's prophetic program for Israel with His mystery program for the Body of Christ. God has not abandoned His promises to national Israel ( Romans 11:1-2, 25-29). Their fullness will come in a future day, during the millennial reign of Christ. In contrast, the Church was chosen before the foundation of the world and has a heavenly destiny ( Ephesians 1:3-4; Philippians 3:20). Understanding the difference protects sound doctrine and preserves the clarity of God's distinct purposes for Israel and the Church.
Thanks again for your replies Lbooth1955. I've read through them and noted what GiGi has also responded, with good questions to you; so I won't repeat them here.
Though I would say, that I tried to do some research on this interesting perception of Peter preaching a Gospel of Grace under the Law, whereas Paul preached Grace alone. I referred to a long well written article by Shawn Brasseaux: "Did Peter and Paul preach the same message". I believe that he too aligned with your understanding, but the points that stood out to me, were still more in line with the secondary points of the ministry of the Gospel rather than its core (essential) points.
He raised Paul's use of the "revelation of the mystery", that some of Paul's words "were hard to be understood", "the Gospel of the uncircumcision & the Gospel of the circumcision", Peter's statement in Acts 2:38 as opposed to Paul's in Acts 16:31, or even Paul's reference to "my Gospel being kept secret". Having considered these points, I still fail to see any clear deviation from the pure Gospel message that both apostles preached, rather their words were given as they were led to speak (and act upon) that Christ might be magnified & that all men (whether Jew or Gentile) would turn to Him in faith. For the Jew, to cast off the adherence to the Law for salvation (for the compulsions of the Law & Grace through Faith are totally incompatible); and for the Gentile, to turn from idols receiving God's Grace by His Son through Faith.
The kingdom message preached by Peter was directed primarily to Israel and was rooted in Old Testament prophecy. Peter called the Jewish people to repentance and faith in Jesus as their promised Messiah and King, who would restore the earthly kingdom to Israel. This message emphasized Jesus as the fulfillment of prophecy, the necessity of repentance, water baptism, and the works consistent with the law. On the day of Pentecost ( Acts 2), Peter proclaimed that the events taking place were in fulfillment of Joel's prophecy and urged the nation of Israel to "repent and be baptizedfor the remission of sins" ( Acts 2:38).
In contrast, Paul's grace message was a distinct revelation from Christ, revealed after Israel's rejection of the kingdom. It was directed to both Jews and Gentiles and centered on the "mystery" of the Body of Christ, a truth hidden in previous ages ( Ephesians 3:1-9). Paul preached salvation by grace through faith alone, apart from works or the law ( Ephesians 2:8-9). His gospel emphasized the death, burial, and resurrection of Christ as the sole basis for salvation ( 1 Corinthians 15:1-4), and he never required water baptism as part of the gospel. Paul's focus was heavenly, not earthly-believers were no longer awaiting a physical kingdom but were members of a spiritual body with a heavenly hope.
While Peter's message looked toward the restoration of Israel's earthly kingdom, Paul revealed a new dispensation, the age of grace, where there is neither Jew nor Gentile, but all are one in Christ. Peter's audience was the nation of Israel, under covenant promises, while Paul's audience was the Church, the Body of Christ, under the administration of grace. These differences reflect not conflicting messages, but distinct programs in God's plan-one prophetic and earthly, the other mysterious and heavenly.
Romans 11:17 "And if some of the branches be broken off, and thou, being a wild olive tree, wert graffed in among them, and with them partakest of the root and fatness of the olive tree;"
Ephesians 3:6 "That the Gentiles should be fellowheirs, and of the same body, and partakers of his promise in Christ by the gospel:"
Romans 2:28 "For he is not a Jew, which is one outwardly; neither is that circumcision, which is outward in the flesh:"
Romans 2:29 "But he is a Jew, which is one inwardly; and circumcision is that of the heart, in the spirit, and not in the letter; whose praise is not of men, but of God."
Acts 9:15"But the Lord said unto him, Go thy way: for he is a chosen vessel unto me, to bear my name before the Gentiles, and kings, and the children of Israel:"
"All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness:" 2 Timothy 3:16 KJV
Would you care to elaborate, share your thoughts on the scriptures you referenced?
"For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, saith the Lord; I will put my laws into their mind, and write them in their hearts: and I will be to them a God, and they shall be to me a people:"
Galatians 3:28-29 There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. And if you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham's seed and heirs according to the promise.
Romans 10:12
"For there is no difference between the Jew and the Greek: for the same Lord over all is rich unto all that call upon him."
Thanks again for your feedback, however I must address the thought that Peter and Paul preached the same message.
That would be like trying to mix oil and water.
PETER'S MESSAGE: FAITH + WORKS UNDER THE LAW
Primarily to Israel ( Matthew 10:5-6; Galatians 2:7-9)
Before and during early Acts (esp. Acts 2-3)
Grounded in prophecy and covenant promises
Supporting Scriptures:
Acts 2:38 - "Repent, and be baptizedfor the remission of sins"
Acts 3:19 - "Repentthat your sins may be blotted outwhen the times of refreshing shall come"
Matthew 19:17 - "If thou wilt enter into life, keep the commandments."
James 2:24 - "By works a man is justified, and not by faith only." (Written to the twelve tribes, James 1:1)
PAUL'S MESSAGE: SALVATION BY GRACE ALONE, WITHOUT WORKS
Sent to the Gentiles and all men ( Romans 11:13; Acts 26:17-18)
Begins mid-Acts ( Acts 9 conversion; commission in Acts 13)
Based on the revelation of the mystery ( Romans 16:25; Ephesians 3:1-9)
Supporting Scriptures:
Ephesians 2:8-9 - "By grace are ye saved through faithnot of works"
Titus 3:5 - "Not by works of righteousness which we have done"
Romans 3:28 - "A man is justified by faith without the deeds of the law."
Galatians 2:16 - "A man is not justified by the works of the law"
Final Note (Rightly Dividing View):
Peter preached what God had revealed since the world began ( Acts 3:21), rooted in prophecy.
Paul preached what was kept secret since the world began ( Romans 16:25), revealed through the mystery.
Transition period in Acts explains overlapping elements, but Paul's gospel of grace fully replaces works-based requirements for salvation in the present dispensation.
Thank you Lbooth1955 for your detailed response. Certainly, looking at the whole chapter 2, it is clear that Peter was addressing the Jews living there and proselytes in Jerusalem coming from other nations. So I can now understand your reference to Acts 2:38 that it was not in reference to Peter's message to the Jews as being different to what might also be preached to the Gentiles (as in Paul's deliveries); same message but different audience, though Paul certainly included Jews (both believing & those still bound in Judaism) in his ministry and letters. GBU.
I find the entire 2nd chapter of Acts an indictment of the Jews for murdering their Messiah not a how to be saved to the body of Christ. But a (repent) change your mind message to the Jews.
To whom was Peter addressing?
The audience in Acts chapter 2 (KJV) was primarily devout Jews from many different nations who had come to Jerusalem to celebrate Pentecost (also known as the Feast of Weeks), a major Jewish pilgrimage festival.
Acts 2:5 (KJV)
"And there were dwelling at Jerusalem Jews, devout men, out of every nation under heaven."
These were Jews and proselytes (Gentile converts to Judaism) who had come from all over the Roman world to Jerusalem.
The phrase "out of every nation under heaven" emphasizes the international diversity of the crowd.
List of Nations Present ( Acts 2:9-11, KJV):
"Parthians, and Medes, and Elamites, and the dwellers in Mesopotamia, and in Judaea, and Cappadocia, in Pontus, and Asia,
Phrygia, and Pamphylia, in Egypt, and in the parts of Libya about Cyrene, and strangers of Rome, Jews and proselytes,
Cretes and Arabians..."
This shows that the audience included Jews from:
The Middle East (e.g., Mesopotamia, Judea)
Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey)
North Africa (e.g., Egypt, Libya)
Europe (e.g., Rome)
Arabian regions
The audience in Acts 2 was...
Primarily Jewish (including native Jews and Gentile converts to Judaism)
Multinational, gathered in Jerusalem for the Jewish feast of Pentecost
Devout and religiously observant, as they had made the pilgrimage to Jerusalem
This context is crucial to understanding Peter's message in Acts 2, especially verse 36, where he says:
"Therefore let all the house of Israel know assuredly..."
He was specifically addressing Israel-the Jewish people, not Gentiles.
Hello Lbooth1955. Thanks for sharing that, but if I could focus on the point you're making here. When I read Acts 2:38 and you mentioned that 'our mail was not from that verse but from Paul', my first thought was that you would show us that the contents of Acts 2:38 were not applicable to Gentiles (i.e. about repentance, water baptism, & reception of the Holy Spirit). But as I read your other references given about Paul being the apostle to the Gentiles, and when I tried to bring in Acts 2:38 into the picture, I was left wondering as to the main thrust of your message. Maybe, you were simply pointing out, that as Peter was preaching to the Jews, Paul, later on would be appointed to preach to the Gentiles, but the message of both apostles were still the same. Or, maybe you had another interpretation on Acts 2:38? Blessings.
Acts 2:38 is not your mail, it belongs to the jews only.
You must rightly divide the word... 2nd Tim. 2:15 "Study to shew thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth."
Our mail as gentiles comes from Paul...
Romans11:13
"For I speak to you Gentiles, inasmuch as I am the apostle of the Gentiles, I magnify mine office." - Paul's own declaration
Acts9:15
"This man is my chosen instrument to carry my name before the Gentiles and their kings and before the people of Israel." - God's commission of Paul
Acts22:21 & Acts26:17-18
"Go! For I will send you far away to the Gentiles."
"From the Gentiles-to whom I am sending you" - Reaffirming his mission to the Gentiles
Galatians2:7-9
Paul recounts: "James, Cephas, and John gave me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship, that we should go to the Gentiles and they to the circumcised [Jews]." - Church recognition of his distinct role
Ephesians3:8
Paul states: "to preach to the Gentiles the unsearchable riches of Christ" - Emphasizing his calling and the scope of his ministry
1Timothy2:7
"For this I was appointed a preacher and an apostle and teacher of the Gentiles in faith and truth." - Paul's self-identification
This question isn't about life after resurrection but about what happens after our bodies die. Many beliefs and ideas exist about what occurs when we die physically. Is there a part of us that is immortal and will never cease to exist? If so, what is the meaning of death? Is death metaphorical?
Some say that when a Christian dies, they are immediately taken to heaven, where they live forever in God's presence. Some believe that when people die, they go to Hades, the realm of the dead, which has two sections: one called paradise or Abraham's bosom for the saved, and another place of torment for the lost.
Some also believe in purgatory, and many other religions believe in an afterlife where the spirit or soul is immortal and never ceases to exist. By saying our spirit or soul is immortal, does that go against the resurrection of the dead?
If, when we die, we go to paradise or a fiery torment, where we have a body and are fully conscious of our surroundings, as in the parable Jesus told in Luke 16:19-31, or Luke 23:43, some interpret that Jesus and the thief were in paradise that same day. This supports the idea that Jesus went into Hades, emptied Paradise, and carried them to heaven.
If that happened, why would He leave David in his tomb? Peter says at Pentecost, 50 days after Jesus resurrected, Acts 2:29, Acts 2:30-35. We see what Jesus said in John 5:25-26, and this happens in Matthew 27:50-53, when Jesus cried out, people came out of their graves and appeared to many. The word resurrection in vs 53 warrants study. In John 5:26-29, this has not happened yet, but they are resurrected from their graves.
Peter addresses "ye men of Israel" ( Acts 2:22) and later, "all the house of Israel" ( Acts 2:36). His sermon is national in scope, not personal. He declares that Jesus was approved of God through miracles and wonders, yet Israel crucified Him. He says, "Ye have taken, and by wicked hands have crucified and slain" (v. 23), placing direct responsibility on the nation. Peter does not present Christ's death as a substitutionary atonement for sins, but as a crime committed against God's chosen One.
Peter appeals to prophecy, quoting Joel and David, showing that what they were witnessing (the Spirit poured out) was foretold and proves Jesus is the Christ. He emphasizes Jesus' resurrection as proof that He is the promised King to sit on David's throne ( Acts 2:30). This is the gospel of the kingdom, not the revelation of the mystery gospel given to Paul.
When the crowd is pricked in their hearts, Peter tells them to repent and be baptized for the remission of sins ( Acts 2:38). This is a continuation of John the Baptist's and Jesus' kingdom message to Israel. Water baptism here is a required act of obedience and identification with the Messiah-not a symbol of salvation already received by grace through faith. There is no mention of the cross as good news, nor of salvation by grace alone through faith alone.
Therefore, Acts 2 is not the beginning of the Body of Christ or the message of grace. It is a call to Israel to repent for crucifying their King. The gospel of grace, the message of Christ dying for our sins and offering salvation apart from works, was later revealed to the Apostle Paul ( Gal. 1:11-12; Eph. 3:1-9).
Question...Should we can't mix the kingdom program (preached by Peter, James, and John) with the mystery gospel given to Paul, focus on right division of Scripture ( 2 Timothy 2:15). Let's affirm that all Scripture is inspired and that both Peter and Paul were called by God. The issue isn't about rejecting any part of the Bible but understanding God's progressive revelation.
Peter and the 12 preached the kingdom gospel-a message prophesied in the Old Testament ( Acts 3:21-24). It focused on Israel, the coming earthly kingdom, and required repentance, water baptism, and obedience to the law ( Acts 2:38; Matthew 19:17). This message was based on Jesus being Israel's promised Messiah and King, And was the correct message for that time.
In contrast, Paul received his gospel by direct revelation from the risen Christ ( Galatians 1:11-12). Paul called it the mystery, which had been hidden from ages past but revealed through him ( Romans 16:25; Ephesians 3:3-5). His message centered on justification by grace through faith alone, apart from works ( Romans 4:5), and introduced the Body of Christ, a new creation made up of both Jews and Gentiles with a heavenly hope, not an earthly kingdom, this is key. (not a earthly kingdom)
Mixing these programs leads to confusion-especially on salvation, baptism, and the church's identity. In Acts 15 and Galatians 2, even the apostles agreed that Paul had a distinct ministry to the Gentiles, apart from the kingdom program of Peter and the 12. Paul even said, "Christ sent me not to baptize, but to preach the gospel" ( 1 Corinthians 1:17), showing a break from the earlier kingdom requirements. "BAPTISM WAS A KINGDOM REQUIREMENT"
Understanding these differences helps us rightly divide God's Word and see how the church today operates under the dispensation of grace, not under Israel's kingdom law. This isn't rejecting the gospels or Peter or the other 11-it's honoring God's design by keeping the messages in their proper place.
God Bless
According to dispensationalism, especially Mid-Acts Dispensationalism, Peter and the 11 apostles baptized because they were operating under the prophetic kingdom program meant for the nation of Israel. Water baptism was an essential component of their ministry during the dispensation of law and the offer of the kingdom.
Here's why Peter and the 11 baptized:
1. They Were Continuing Jesus' Earthly Ministry to Israel
Peter and the other apostles were commissioned to preach the gospel of the kingdom ( Matthew 10:5-7; Matthew 28:19). Water baptism was part of that message, following the pattern of John the Baptist and Jesus Himself.
Mark 1:4 - John preached "the baptism of repentance for the remission of sins."
Matthew 28:19 - Jesus commanded them to "go... baptizing them..."
They were sent specifically to Israel (see Matthew 10:5-6 and Galatians 2:7-9).
2. Baptism Was a Sign of Repentance and Covenant Cleansing
For Israel, water baptism symbolized repentance, cleansing, and identification with the coming kingdom and Messiah. It was a requirement for entering the prophesied kingdom on earth.
Acts 2:38 - Peter said, "Repent and be baptized every one of you... for the remission of sins."
This was in direct response to Israel's rejection and crucifixion of Jesus.
3. They Were Operating Under the Law and Prophecy
Peter and the 11 were still under the Old Covenant framework, even after Jesus' resurrection. Their ministry was not based on the mystery revealed to Paul but on fulfilling what was already foretold in the Scriptures ( Acts 3:19-21).
The kingdom had been promised to Israel and was still being offered ( Acts 1:6; Acts 3:25-26).
Water baptism was a required sign of repentance and national obedience, there is no evidence of it being required for the body of Christ.
page 2
Thanks Lbooth1955 for your reply.
Re: Acts 2:38. I believe that the inclusion of baptism in his Gospel message, was simply Peter's obedience to the Lord's command given to him (as also given to the other apostles), shown in Matthew 28:20,21: 'to go, teach, baptize'. Anything less would have meant disobedience. And even Paul continued to follow this practise declaring in 1 Corinthians 1:14-16. It is true, that Paul stated that "Christ sent him not to baptise, but to preach.." and yet he baptized. So, it should be understood that baptizing believers was left to others (the Church?) to perform while Paul focussed himself more on preaching the Gospel. Probably similar to an evangelist (e.g. the late Billy Graham), who makes preaching his primary work and left the counseling and baptism of new believers to others.
And for James 2:17-26, it is understood that he didn't support faith + works required for salvation, rather his message here is from verse 14. He questions the authenticity of one's faith, where works resulting from that faith is absent. And he gives the example of a fellow-believer found in a destitute condition. Can a true believer lovingly tell that poor soul, 'God bless you brother - I will pray for you that God provide for your needs'? Rather, the saving faith that is in us, by the Holy Spirit, urges us to render all support necessary, being the very hands of compassion & provision to that needy one. So, the examples of Abraham & Rahab are valid, except their faith was not based on the Gospel, but their belief in God working out His purposes, resulting in their works revealing their faith in Him. Onto Page 2.
regarding your comment..."Jew and Gentile could only be accepted by God by turning away (repentance) and faith (in Christ alone & nothing else) for their salvation"
I believe this to be partly true... 2 examples are...
Peter and James,
Key apostles to the circumcision, emphasized faith but also included works in their message. In Acts 2:38, Peter calls for repentance and baptism for remission of sins. James 2:17-26 stresses that faith without works is dead, using Abraham and Rahab as examples. Their message aligns with the Jewish Kingdom gospel, where obedience and works were expressions of living faith, distinct from Paul's gospel of grace through faith alone.
My friend, anything that adds to GRACE ALONE is a WORK and is directly associated with the KINGDOM GOSPEL.
5. 1 Peter 3:21
"The like figure whereunto even baptism doth also now save us (not the putting away of the filth of the flesh, but the answer of a good conscience toward God,) by the resurrection of Jesus Christ"
Baptism connected to salvation
Not just symbolic - a required response of a good conscience
6. 2 Peter 1:5-10 - Add to your faith
"And beside this, giving all diligence, add to your faith virtue... knowledge... temperance... patience... godliness... brotherly kindness... charity
Wherefore the rather, brethren, give diligence to make your calling and election sure: for if ye do these things, ye shall never fall."
Not faith alone - one must add works
Doing these things = assurance of salvation
Summary
Peter preached:
Faith in Jesus as the risen Messiah ( Acts 2:36)
Repentance and water baptism for forgiveness ( Acts 2:38)
Obedience necessary to receive the Holy Ghost ( Acts 5:32)
Sanctification through obedience ( 1 Peter 1:2)
Salvation tied to baptism and holy living ( 1 Peter 3:21, 2 Peter 1:10)
This is in contrast with Paul's message of justification by grace through faith alone ( Ephesians 2:8-9, Titus 3:5), not by works.
Peter's Kingdom Gospel - Repentance, Faith, and Works
1. Acts 2:36-38 - Pentecost sermon
"Therefore let all the house of Israel know assuredly, that God hath made that same Jesus, whom ye have crucified, both Lord and Christ.
Now when they heard this, they were pricked in their heart, and said unto Peter and to the rest of the apostles, Men and brethren, what shall we do?
Then Peter said unto them, Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost."
Repentance
Water baptism required for remission of sins
Holy Spirit as a result of obedience
2. Acts 3:19-21 - Second temple sermon to Israel
"Repent ye therefore, and be converted, that your sins may be blotted out, when the times of refreshing shall come from the presence of the Lord"
Repentance = condition for forgiveness
Tied to future kingdom blessings
3. Acts 5:32
"And we are his witnesses of these things; and so is also the Holy Ghost, whom God hath given to them that obey him."
Obedience (works) as a condition to receive the Holy Ghost
4. 1 Peter 1:2
"Elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ..."
Election tied to obedience
Sprinkling of blood = cleansing, yet connected with obedient response
see page 2
Hi again Lbooth1955. Clearly, you are passionate about getting this point across to us, about the difference between Paul's Gospel, as opposed to any other presentation. The main points you raised: a) Paul's (or my) Gospel; b) revelation of this Mystery; and c) Gospel of the Kingdom.
a) Paul not only received his salvation by direct revelation from Heaven ( Acts 9:3-9), but also was taught, exercised in faith, & had revelations as to his ministry separate from any outside influence ( Galatians 1:11-18). Thus what he learned became what he often spoke of as "my Gospel", which implies that he received it directly from the Lord and was charged to make it known chiefly to the Gentiles.
So the question, how was this Gospel any different to say what the other apostles preached? The only other apostle's preaching, that is often recorded is that of Peter. And when I consider his presentations (found in Acts 2:14-41; Acts 3:11-19; Acts 4:6-12; Acts 10:34-48), I find that the same Gospel was preached by Peter (i.e. nothing extra or different to Paul's Gospel, apart from the specifics relating to his audience: their knowledge of the Scriptures & events surrounding Jesus' Life on Earth). His Gospel was the same as Paul's: the need for repentance, faith, calling upon Jesus for salvation.
b) the Mystery. Paul does speak of this revelation given to him, but did not the others know about Gentiles also receiving this blessing of salvation after hearing the Gospel? Peter spoke about him being sent to the Gentiles ( Acts 15:7; Acts chap 10 (Cornelius, a Gentile). And Peter, through the vision of the unclean animals given for him to eat ( Acts 10:9-17), understood that this Mystery that Paul spoke about, was also given to him to understand. Even Paul spoke of this ( Ephesians 3:3-6) that the present apostles and prophets were made aware of this mystery, that the Gentiles would be fellow-heirs, or the same Body, and partakers of the promises. Onto Page 2.
"Then will I sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean: from all your filthiness, and from all your idols, will I cleanse you."
Matthew 28:19
"Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost:"
Acts 2:38
"Then Peter said unto them, Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost."
John 3:5
"Jesus answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God."
Luke 6:46
"And why call ye me, Lord, Lord, and do not the things which I say?"
Blessings
15 Having abolished in his flesh the enmity, even the law of commandments contained in ordinances; for to make in himself of twain one new man, so making peace;
16 And that he might reconcile both unto God in one body by the cross, having slain the enmity thereby:
17 And came and preached peace to you which were afar off, and to them that were nigh.
And:
Romans 2:28 For he is not a Jew, which is one outwardly; neither is that circumcision, which is outward in the flesh:
29 But he is a Jew, which is one inwardly; and circumcision is that of the heart, in the spirit, and not in the letter; whose praise is not of men, but of God.
"Love worketh no ill to his neighbour: therefore love is the fulfilling of the law."
1 Thessalonians 5:11
"Wherefore comfort yourselves together, and edify one another, even as also ye do."
Blessings
These Scripture verses speak the truth and show that what Lbooth1955 teaches contradict Scripture.
May the Lord open his eyes to these truths.
"Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost:"
Acts 22:16
"And now why tarriest thou? arise, and be baptized, and wash away thy sins, calling on the name of the Lord."
Acts 18:8
"And Crispus, the chief ruler of the synagogue, believed on the Lord with all his house; and many of the Corinthians hearing believed, and were baptized."
Acts 18:8
"And Crispus, the chief ruler of the synagogue, believed on the Lord with all his house; and many of the Corinthians hearing believed, and were baptized."
Acts 16:15
"And when she was baptized, and her household, she besought us, saying, If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord, come into my house, and abide there. And she constrained us."
Matthew 24:35
"Heaven and earth shall pass away, but my words shall not pass away."
Blessings
In Summary
Peter didn't preach Paul's mystery message after meeting Paul because:
It wasn't his calling-his ministry was to the Jews.
He recognized Paul's unique revelation but didn't claim it for himself.
God was transitioning to the Body of Christ through Paul, not blending the two programs.
On another note...
Why did Paul get baptized?
Paul was baptized early in his conversion ( Acts 9:18; Acts 22:16) because at that time, God was still dealing with Israel under the kingdom program, where water baptism was required as a sign of repentance ( Mark 1:4, Acts 2:38). Paul's baptism was part of this transitional period.
However, after receiving the revelation of the mystery, Paul came to understand that in this new dispensation of grace, water baptism was no longer required for salvation. He later wrote:
"Christ sent me not to baptize, but to preach the gospel" ( 1 Corinthians 1:17)
So, Paul was baptized as part of the old program still active when he was saved-but he later taught that baptism was not part of the gospel of grace revealed to him.
Blessing Friend.
1. Water Baptism Not Central in Paul's Ministry
Paul was not sent to baptize, but to preach the gospel:
"For Christ sent me not to baptize, but to preach the gospel"
- 1 Corinthians 1:17 (KJV)
This is a strong statement. Unlike Peter ( Acts 2:38), Paul separates water baptism from the gospel message of grace. While water baptism continued for a time (as with early Jewish believers), it was not a requirement for salvation under Paul's gospel.
2. Spirit Baptism Into the Body of Christ
Paul emphasizes a spiritual baptism, not involving water, which places the believer into the Body of Christ:
"For by one Spirit are we all baptized into one body"
- 1 Corinthians 12:13 (KJV)
This baptism is not performed by man, but by the Holy Spirit at the moment of belief. It aligns with Paul's core doctrine of salvation by grace through faith-with no physical work (like water baptism) required.
3. Identification with Christ's Death and Resurrection
Paul also teaches a symbolic baptism in Romans 6:
"Know ye not, that so many of us as were baptized into Jesus Christ were baptized into his death?"
- Romans 6:3-4 (KJV)
This speaks of a positional truth: the believer is spiritually united with Christ's death, burial, and resurrection. Again, this is not water baptism but a spiritual reality that takes place when one trusts the gospel.
Summary:
Peter's gospel ( Acts 2:38) required repentance and water baptism for the remission of sins-part of the Kingdom gospel to Israel.
Paul's gospel ( 1 Cor. 15:1-4; Eph. 2:8-9) presents salvation by grace through faith, without works, and emphasizes Spirit baptism into the Body of Christ, not water baptism.
Paul downplayed water baptism in favor of the spiritual baptism that unites us into one body.
1. Peter's Kingdom Gospel (Faith + Works) - For Israel and the Little Flock
Peter's message centered on Israel's prophetic hope, the coming earthly kingdom, and the Messiahship of Jesus. This gospel required faith in Jesus as the Messiah, but it also included repentance, water baptism, and adherence to the law, as seen in Acts 2:38:
"Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins..." ( Acts 2:38, KJV)
Key elements:
Audience: Jews (especially "the lost sheep of the house of Israel" - Matthew 10:5-6)
Content: Jesus is the promised Messiah; repent and be baptized.
Requirement: Faith plus works (baptism, continued obedience).
Goal: Entry into the earthly kingdom promised to Israel ( Luke 12:32 - "little flock").
James 2:24 supports this...
"Ye see then how that by works a man is justified, and not by faith only."
This shows that under the Kingdom Gospel, works confirmed faith for salvation, especially for the Jewish remnant.
2. Paul's Grace Gospel (Faith Alone) - For the Body of Christ
Paul preached a new, previously hidden "mystery" gospel revealed to him by Christ ( Galatians 1:11-12; Ephesians 3:1-9). This message was not based on Israel's covenants or prophecy, but on grace alone through faith alone in the death, burial, and resurrection of Christ ( 1 Corinthians 15:1-4).
Key elements:
Audience: All (Jew and Gentile alike), forming the Body of Christ.
Content: Christ died for our sins and rose again.
Requirement: Faith alone (no works, no law, no baptism required for salvation).
Goal: Salvation unto a heavenly inheritance ( Philippians 3:20; Ephesians 1:3).
Romans 4:5 is definitive:
"But to him that worketh not, but believeth on him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is
Did they both preach Jesus as Savior, of course, but the requirements for salvation changed with Paul.
Many today believe that the Church is a continuation or replacement of Israel, often calling it "spiritual Israel." However, when we rightly divide the Word of Truth ( 2 Timothy 2:15), we see that the Church-the Body of Christ-formed through the unique revelation given to the Apostle Paul ( Ephesians 3:1-6), is a distinct entity from the nation of Israel. Israel is a nation with earthly promises, covenants, and prophetic hope, while the Church is a heavenly people, formed without distinction between Jew and Gentile, united by faith alone in Christ and placed into one Body ( 1 Corinthians 12:13; Galatians 3:28).
Israel's promises were national and earthly-God covenanted land, a kingdom, and a Messiah to rule over them ( Genesis 17:7-8; Isaiah 9:6-7). These promises were never transferred to the Church. Instead, Paul reveals a "mystery" that was kept hidden from ages past ( Romans 16:25; Colossians 1:26), in which God is forming a new, heavenly organism-the Body of Christ-composed of both Jew and Gentile, not based on nationality or covenant, but based on grace through faith ( Ephesians 2:8-9). Nowhere in Paul's epistles does he teach that the Church has become Israel or inherits Israel's kingdom promises.
To equate the Church with spiritual Israel confuses God's prophetic program for Israel with His mystery program for the Body of Christ. God has not abandoned His promises to national Israel ( Romans 11:1-2, 25-29). Their fullness will come in a future day, during the millennial reign of Christ. In contrast, the Church was chosen before the foundation of the world and has a heavenly destiny ( Ephesians 1:3-4; Philippians 3:20). Understanding the difference protects sound doctrine and preserves the clarity of God's distinct purposes for Israel and the Church.
Thanks again for your replies Lbooth1955. I've read through them and noted what GiGi has also responded, with good questions to you; so I won't repeat them here.
Though I would say, that I tried to do some research on this interesting perception of Peter preaching a Gospel of Grace under the Law, whereas Paul preached Grace alone. I referred to a long well written article by Shawn Brasseaux: "Did Peter and Paul preach the same message". I believe that he too aligned with your understanding, but the points that stood out to me, were still more in line with the secondary points of the ministry of the Gospel rather than its core (essential) points.
He raised Paul's use of the "revelation of the mystery", that some of Paul's words "were hard to be understood", "the Gospel of the uncircumcision & the Gospel of the circumcision", Peter's statement in Acts 2:38 as opposed to Paul's in Acts 16:31, or even Paul's reference to "my Gospel being kept secret". Having considered these points, I still fail to see any clear deviation from the pure Gospel message that both apostles preached, rather their words were given as they were led to speak (and act upon) that Christ might be magnified & that all men (whether Jew or Gentile) would turn to Him in faith. For the Jew, to cast off the adherence to the Law for salvation (for the compulsions of the Law & Grace through Faith are totally incompatible); and for the Gentile, to turn from idols receiving God's Grace by His Son through Faith.
Onto Page 2.
The kingdom message preached by Peter was directed primarily to Israel and was rooted in Old Testament prophecy. Peter called the Jewish people to repentance and faith in Jesus as their promised Messiah and King, who would restore the earthly kingdom to Israel. This message emphasized Jesus as the fulfillment of prophecy, the necessity of repentance, water baptism, and the works consistent with the law. On the day of Pentecost ( Acts 2), Peter proclaimed that the events taking place were in fulfillment of Joel's prophecy and urged the nation of Israel to "repent and be baptizedfor the remission of sins" ( Acts 2:38).
In contrast, Paul's grace message was a distinct revelation from Christ, revealed after Israel's rejection of the kingdom. It was directed to both Jews and Gentiles and centered on the "mystery" of the Body of Christ, a truth hidden in previous ages ( Ephesians 3:1-9). Paul preached salvation by grace through faith alone, apart from works or the law ( Ephesians 2:8-9). His gospel emphasized the death, burial, and resurrection of Christ as the sole basis for salvation ( 1 Corinthians 15:1-4), and he never required water baptism as part of the gospel. Paul's focus was heavenly, not earthly-believers were no longer awaiting a physical kingdom but were members of a spiritual body with a heavenly hope.
While Peter's message looked toward the restoration of Israel's earthly kingdom, Paul revealed a new dispensation, the age of grace, where there is neither Jew nor Gentile, but all are one in Christ. Peter's audience was the nation of Israel, under covenant promises, while Paul's audience was the Church, the Body of Christ, under the administration of grace. These differences reflect not conflicting messages, but distinct programs in God's plan-one prophetic and earthly, the other mysterious and heavenly.
Ephesians 3:6 "That the Gentiles should be fellowheirs, and of the same body, and partakers of his promise in Christ by the gospel:"
Romans 2:28 "For he is not a Jew, which is one outwardly; neither is that circumcision, which is outward in the flesh:"
Romans 2:29 "But he is a Jew, which is one inwardly; and circumcision is that of the heart, in the spirit, and not in the letter; whose praise is not of men, but of God."
Acts 9:15"But the Lord said unto him, Go thy way: for he is a chosen vessel unto me, to bear my name before the Gentiles, and kings, and the children of Israel:"
Blessings
Blessings
Yes, Paul preached repentance-but:
It was repentance toward God and
A change of mind leading to faith in the risen Christ
Not the same as Israel's national call to repent and be baptized under the kingdom gospel (e.g., Acts 2:38)
Paul's repentance message fits within the grace gospel revealed to him ( Gal. 1:11-12; Eph. 3:1-9).
Thanks for your reply, great scriptures...
"All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness:" 2 Timothy 3:16 KJV
Would you care to elaborate, share your thoughts on the scriptures you referenced?
Blessings!
"For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, saith the Lord; I will put my laws into their mind, and write them in their hearts: and I will be to them a God, and they shall be to me a people:"
Galatians 3:28-29 There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. And if you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham's seed and heirs according to the promise.
Romans 10:12
"For there is no difference between the Jew and the Greek: for the same Lord over all is rich unto all that call upon him."
Blessings
Thanks again for your feedback, however I must address the thought that Peter and Paul preached the same message.
That would be like trying to mix oil and water.
PETER'S MESSAGE: FAITH + WORKS UNDER THE LAW
Primarily to Israel ( Matthew 10:5-6; Galatians 2:7-9)
Before and during early Acts (esp. Acts 2-3)
Grounded in prophecy and covenant promises
Supporting Scriptures:
Acts 2:38 - "Repent, and be baptizedfor the remission of sins"
Acts 3:19 - "Repentthat your sins may be blotted outwhen the times of refreshing shall come"
Matthew 19:17 - "If thou wilt enter into life, keep the commandments."
James 2:24 - "By works a man is justified, and not by faith only." (Written to the twelve tribes, James 1:1)
PAUL'S MESSAGE: SALVATION BY GRACE ALONE, WITHOUT WORKS
Sent to the Gentiles and all men ( Romans 11:13; Acts 26:17-18)
Begins mid-Acts ( Acts 9 conversion; commission in Acts 13)
Based on the revelation of the mystery ( Romans 16:25; Ephesians 3:1-9)
Supporting Scriptures:
Ephesians 2:8-9 - "By grace are ye saved through faithnot of works"
Titus 3:5 - "Not by works of righteousness which we have done"
Romans 3:28 - "A man is justified by faith without the deeds of the law."
Galatians 2:16 - "A man is not justified by the works of the law"
Final Note (Rightly Dividing View):
Peter preached what God had revealed since the world began ( Acts 3:21), rooted in prophecy.
Paul preached what was kept secret since the world began ( Romans 16:25), revealed through the mystery.
Transition period in Acts explains overlapping elements, but Paul's gospel of grace fully replaces works-based requirements for salvation in the present dispensation.
thanks again, God Bless!
Thanks for the response...
I find the entire 2nd chapter of Acts an indictment of the Jews for murdering their Messiah not a how to be saved to the body of Christ. But a (repent) change your mind message to the Jews.
To whom was Peter addressing?
The audience in Acts chapter 2 (KJV) was primarily devout Jews from many different nations who had come to Jerusalem to celebrate Pentecost (also known as the Feast of Weeks), a major Jewish pilgrimage festival.
Acts 2:5 (KJV)
"And there were dwelling at Jerusalem Jews, devout men, out of every nation under heaven."
These were Jews and proselytes (Gentile converts to Judaism) who had come from all over the Roman world to Jerusalem.
The phrase "out of every nation under heaven" emphasizes the international diversity of the crowd.
List of Nations Present ( Acts 2:9-11, KJV):
"Parthians, and Medes, and Elamites, and the dwellers in Mesopotamia, and in Judaea, and Cappadocia, in Pontus, and Asia,
Phrygia, and Pamphylia, in Egypt, and in the parts of Libya about Cyrene, and strangers of Rome, Jews and proselytes,
Cretes and Arabians..."
This shows that the audience included Jews from:
The Middle East (e.g., Mesopotamia, Judea)
Asia Minor (modern-day Turkey)
North Africa (e.g., Egypt, Libya)
Europe (e.g., Rome)
Arabian regions
The audience in Acts 2 was...
Primarily Jewish (including native Jews and Gentile converts to Judaism)
Multinational, gathered in Jerusalem for the Jewish feast of Pentecost
Devout and religiously observant, as they had made the pilgrimage to Jerusalem
This context is crucial to understanding Peter's message in Acts 2, especially verse 36, where he says:
"Therefore let all the house of Israel know assuredly..."
He was specifically addressing Israel-the Jewish people, not Gentiles.
You must rightly divide the word... 2nd Tim. 2:15 "Study to shew thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth."
Our mail as gentiles comes from Paul...
Romans11:13
"For I speak to you Gentiles, inasmuch as I am the apostle of the Gentiles, I magnify mine office." - Paul's own declaration
Acts9:15
"This man is my chosen instrument to carry my name before the Gentiles and their kings and before the people of Israel." - God's commission of Paul
Acts22:21 & Acts26:17-18
"Go! For I will send you far away to the Gentiles."
"From the Gentiles-to whom I am sending you" - Reaffirming his mission to the Gentiles
Galatians2:7-9
Paul recounts: "James, Cephas, and John gave me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship, that we should go to the Gentiles and they to the circumcised [Jews]." - Church recognition of his distinct role
Ephesians3:8
Paul states: "to preach to the Gentiles the unsearchable riches of Christ" - Emphasizing his calling and the scope of his ministry
1Timothy2:7
"For this I was appointed a preacher and an apostle and teacher of the Gentiles in faith and truth." - Paul's self-identification
Summary Table of Key References
ScriptureContextRole Affirmed
Romans11:13Paul addressing Gentile believersExplicit self-identification
Acts9:15 Commission by Christ to AnaniasDivine mandate to Gentiles
Acts22 & 26Paul recounting his calling in defense or testimonyRepeated confirmation of his assignment
Galatians 2:7-9Jerusalem Council fellowship and allocation of ministryRecognition by other apostles
Ephesians3:8Paul's summation of his divine missionPreaching "unsearchable riches"
1Timothy2:7Paul's declaration to a younger church leaderOfficial title "apostle of the Gentiles"
This question isn't about life after resurrection but about what happens after our bodies die. Many beliefs and ideas exist about what occurs when we die physically. Is there a part of us that is immortal and will never cease to exist? If so, what is the meaning of death? Is death metaphorical?
Some say that when a Christian dies, they are immediately taken to heaven, where they live forever in God's presence. Some believe that when people die, they go to Hades, the realm of the dead, which has two sections: one called paradise or Abraham's bosom for the saved, and another place of torment for the lost.
Some also believe in purgatory, and many other religions believe in an afterlife where the spirit or soul is immortal and never ceases to exist. By saying our spirit or soul is immortal, does that go against the resurrection of the dead?
If, when we die, we go to paradise or a fiery torment, where we have a body and are fully conscious of our surroundings, as in the parable Jesus told in Luke 16:19-31, or Luke 23:43, some interpret that Jesus and the thief were in paradise that same day. This supports the idea that Jesus went into Hades, emptied Paradise, and carried them to heaven.
If that happened, why would He leave David in his tomb? Peter says at Pentecost, 50 days after Jesus resurrected, Acts 2:29, Acts 2:30-35. We see what Jesus said in John 5:25-26, and this happens in Matthew 27:50-53, when Jesus cried out, people came out of their graves and appeared to many. The word resurrection in vs 53 warrants study. In John 5:26-29, this has not happened yet, but they are resurrected from their graves.
1 Corinthians 15:52-55.
Just a few thoughts.
God bless,
RLW